I'm a newbie when it comes to EFB, as I am still on the 30 days trial, however a few observations. I do run with windows 10 on both my computers, so I can confirm it do work with Win10.
First I would remove/blur the screenshot where you list all your license-credentials and serial number - not something you want to share with the internet.
Windows 10 have its own Firewall even though you have not installed a 3rd party, so if you have not tried yet. I would disable the build-in firewall on both computers.
Did you remember to share the folders that needs to be shared, and did you test you have write-permissions to these shares (try to see if you can write a simple text file from the "other" computer using those shares).
Edit: I don't think EFB 1.x is using SimConnect (I think in stead it uses its own connection between "server" and "client"), however I have compared your SimConnect settings to my own, and I don't see a problem there. I uses port 5000 in stead of the port you uses, and my "local setting" on the server is a bit different:
...
<SimConnect.Comm>
<Disabled>False</Disabled>
<Protocol>IPv4</Protocol>
<Scope>global</Scope>
<MaxClients>64</MaxClients>
<Address>192.168.88.100</Address>
<Port>5000</Port>
</SimConnect.Comm>
<SimConnect.Comm>
<Disabled>False</Disabled>
<Protocol>IPv4</Protocol>
<Scope>local</Scope>
<MaxClients>64</MaxClients>
<Address>127.0.0.1</Address>
<Port>5000</Port>
</SimConnect.Comm>
...